30 年馬術(shù)大事記 : 第三個(gè)10年 2002-2012----事件實(shí)錄

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手中的鼠標(biāo)隨意間點(diǎn)中了“奧運(yùn)”的文件夾，一張“長(zhǎng)城”造型越野障礙的照片，激活了我腦海里漸已淡忘的畫(huà)面。

記得那是在2008 年香港雙魚(yú)河奧運(yùn)馬術(shù)三項(xiàng)賽的一組長(zhǎng)城造型的組合障礙，ABC 三個(gè)連續(xù)的跳躍單元。設(shè)計(jì)師給了這道三重障礙組合三種可選擇路線。我之所以仍記得它，是因?yàn)樵趭W運(yùn)會(huì)上這道障礙就是由我負(fù)責(zé)執(zhí)裁的第16 號(hào)障礙。

說(shuō)實(shí)話，在國(guó)內(nèi)我做過(guò)一些低級(jí)別的越野路線設(shè)計(jì)，在選擇障礙的路線方式上動(dòng)過(guò)不少腦子，看到這道長(zhǎng)城組合形式確實(shí)給了我不少的啟發(fā)。首先，它的A 單元是一座呈三角型的長(zhǎng)城城墻一角造型，是比較窄的三角障礙，起跳點(diǎn)的地面傾斜略帶上坡。一般來(lái)說(shuō)三角型設(shè)計(jì)在越野賽中已經(jīng)屬于難度較大的障礙了，因?yàn)檫@類(lèi)障礙寬度窄、縱深寬，再加上其正面不是直線，讓馬和騎手在視覺(jué)上不穩(wěn)定。

接著B(niǎo) 單元有兩個(gè)選擇，一個(gè)是短距離的斜下坡上的弧線圓木木排，另一個(gè)是長(zhǎng)線上的伸展障礙。同樣，要是作為單一障礙，短線木排稍有難度，可在這里卻連接第一單元?jiǎng)倓偮涞?、5 步后的右轉(zhuǎn)弧線上，直接挑戰(zhàn)騎手和馬匹，這需要人馬有極強(qiáng)的平衡能力，并且有穩(wěn)定的心理素質(zhì)，無(wú)疑這是一次嚴(yán)厲的考驗(yàn)。

更加困難的是C 單元也不是在直線上，而且短線邊很窄，要想在下坡很短的距離上起跳，一要對(duì)準(zhǔn)障礙，二要找準(zhǔn)起跳點(diǎn)。對(duì)任何騎手和馬匹來(lái)說(shuō)，都是很大的挑戰(zhàn)。另一條長(zhǎng)路線障礙略寬，但要繞行。在我第一次看到這一組連續(xù)跳躍的障礙路線時(shí)真是很茫然，真不知在馬術(shù)競(jìng)技上還會(huì)有多少難以理解的東西。

越野賽那天的情形可以用“緊張”來(lái)概括。說(shuō)真的任何一個(gè)參加奧運(yùn)的選手，也包括我們這些參與奧運(yùn)工作的技術(shù)官員，都在奧運(yùn)的賽場(chǎng)上表現(xiàn)出了各種各樣的緊張。我看到大部分參賽者雖然緊張，但仍能夠從容地超越障礙，也看到一些由于緊張而出現(xiàn)了失誤的騎手。一些人是“七扭八歪”地沖了過(guò)去，還有些人和馬跑過(guò)來(lái)時(shí)信心滿滿，障礙前起跳的瞬間卻拒跳了。

由于這組障礙的占地范圍太大，我一個(gè)人沒(méi)法觀察到整個(gè)路線的組合。我只有將遠(yuǎn)端的B 單元交給了我的輔助裁判——一位澳大利亞女士負(fù)責(zé)。記得那天有好幾位選手選擇了較容易的長(zhǎng)線。我的問(wèn)題就出在了一位愛(ài)爾蘭女選手的判罰上。記得在她通過(guò)了A 單元后選擇了長(zhǎng)線B單元，當(dāng)她來(lái)到了近端C 之前做了一個(gè)小的弧線，之后選擇了右側(cè)的長(zhǎng)線通過(guò)了C 單元。我站在遠(yuǎn)處感覺(jué)她是在C 前應(yīng)該有一次馬匹逃避，于是我告訴記分員做罰分記錄。但我在同輔助裁判確認(rèn)判罰結(jié)果時(shí)，她卻認(rèn)為愛(ài)爾蘭選手沒(méi)有出現(xiàn)逃避。無(wú)奈，我走到障礙前努力辨認(rèn)剛才馬跑過(guò)的蹄印記，又要求那位輔助裁判指示她所看到的蹄印。盡管我仍然懷疑輔助裁判的說(shuō)法，可是由于我站的位置實(shí)在看不到剛才的蹄印是否有重合，只能按照有利于選手的原則改變了我原來(lái)的判罰。

事情過(guò)去了這么久，現(xiàn)在細(xì)想起來(lái)我當(dāng)時(shí)確實(shí)沒(méi)能事先選擇一個(gè)更能夠看到容易出現(xiàn)問(wèn)題的、更適合觀察的恰當(dāng)位置。這也是因?yàn)榫o張。緊張導(dǎo)致我只把注意力放在了難度較大的短路線上而把容易的長(zhǎng)線交給了別人，卻忘記了選擇容易線路的選手才是更容易出現(xiàn)失誤的。

奧運(yùn)會(huì)的經(jīng)歷使我了解到我們的馬術(shù)競(jìng)技水平與國(guó)際最高水平差距確實(shí)很大，但就馬術(shù)運(yùn)動(dòng)而言，與其他競(jìng)技技術(shù)型項(xiàng)目相比，它確實(shí)是一種集文化、體育、藝術(shù)和經(jīng)濟(jì)于一體的現(xiàn)代綜合項(xiàng)目。面對(duì)這個(gè)項(xiàng)目時(shí)，光靠參賽者發(fā)揚(yáng)拼搏精神是無(wú)法提高水平的，因?yàn)槲覀兊牟罹嗖恢皇羌夹g(shù)上的差距。技術(shù)上的問(wèn)題容易解決，但更多的是我們與現(xiàn)代馬術(shù)觀念上的差異，這還包括文化屬性上的、道德趨向上的，乃至行政體制上的差異，這不是想改變就可以改變的。意識(shí)形態(tài)的差異無(wú)所謂高低或者優(yōu)劣之分。我只是想說(shuō)游戲規(guī)則是按照人家的方法定的，我們要想玩好，就要先學(xué)人家的規(guī)矩——全部的規(guī)矩。

回到前面的話，我的緊張還真不是怯場(chǎng)。而是面對(duì)人家那么多的東西和規(guī)矩，真有點(diǎn)不知所措……

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2007 年7 月，為給內(nèi)蒙古自治區(qū)60 周年大慶獻(xiàn)禮，內(nèi)蒙古元和集團(tuán)與錫林郭勒盟旅游局聯(lián)合主辦“騎著馬兒過(guò)草原”大型對(duì)抗賽。這是一次內(nèi)蒙古的民族馬術(shù)文化與美國(guó)西部馬文化的交流和碰撞。

分別代表了蒙古族的套馬和美國(guó)西部的繞桶賽事在正鑲白旗廣闊的草場(chǎng)上輪番上演。7 月25 日，在錫林浩特宏偉的大賽馬場(chǎng)上，進(jìn)行了此次賽程里的最后一項(xiàng)角逐——繞桶賽。雖然在最后一場(chǎng)比賽中，都市牛仔隊(duì)取得了微弱的優(yōu)勢(shì)，但在賽前，因已落后了近20 秒，最終元和草原牧人隊(duì)取得了最后的勝利。

“騎著馬兒過(guò)草原”活動(dòng)跋涉近1000 公里，美國(guó)西部牛仔文化深入到草原，是一次新穎的嘗試，積極發(fā)動(dòng)民眾參與是所有關(guān)注馬文化的人們都樂(lè)見(jiàn)其成的事情。

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No animal has affected China's long and rich history as deeply as the horse. Ever since its domestication in north-eastern China 5,000 years ago, the horse has been an integral figure in the creation and survival of this great country.

Although nowadays the practical importance of the horse may have diminished, horses have a strong presence in modern China as it is estimated that one-sixth of the world’s horse population lives on Chinese soil.

The strong development in equestrian sport we are witnessing today in China is a matter of great satisfaction to the FEI. The number of new equestrian clubs grows by approximately 15% every year. The 2008 Olympic Games helped enormously by showcasing the sport to Chinese people as it was the first time that Chinese riders had made an appearance on the Olympic stage.

Four FEI events took place in China this year, including a Jumping competition in the iconic Bird Nest stadium in Beijing, which was attended by some of the world’s best riders. I am delighted that the Chinese Equestrian Association (CEA) is very ambitious and is planning to organise top level competitions such as five-star events in the near future.

The first FEI World Cup ? Jumping Chinese League, launched in 2011,was another significant milestone. The Chinese League now has its place alongside the other 15 Leagues of the FEI World Cup ? Jumping series and riders competing in this second season will be aiming to qualify for the Rolex FEI World Cup ? Final 2013 in Gothenburg, Sweden next April.

These remarkable developments take place during a particularly exciting time for Chinese sport given that, according to a recent study by Sportcal, the leading sports market research company, China is the global sports nation for 2012. It is wonderful that equestrian sport is part of this unprecedented growth.

My trip to China in October took place during the FEI World Cup ? Jumping competition in Wenjiang, Chengdu. The event was organised at the state-of-the-art racecourse which includes full facilities for the staging of equestrian sport. It coincided with the annual Chinese Equestrian Development Forum which provides an excellent opportunity for open exchange on a wide range of equestrian sport related issues. I was delighted to attend the Forum’s fourth edition alongside 200 equestrian experts from countries that included France, the United States and the United Kingdom.

During my visit in China, I also met with Dr Pan Zhichen, CEA President, together with the two Vice Presidents and the Secretary General of the National Federation. Dr Pan is also responsible for the sports of Cycling, Fencing and Modern Pentathlon in China. FEI President HRH Princess Haya was delighted to announce at our recent FEI General Assembly in Istanbul, Turkey, that Dr Pan has joined the FEI Solidarity Committee. This will allow China to lead the way in the development of equestrian sport not only nationally but in the entire region.

The meetings in Chengdu provided invaluable opportunities for discussion on the future possibilities for equestrian sport in China. Keen to build on the strong momentum, the CEA, which became an FEI member in 1982, is currently implementing a detailed development strategy. It includes the establishment of an International Equestrian Academy which will serve as a training base for national officials and organising committees.

The greatest barrier facing the CEA however stems from the restrictions on the import and export of horses in China. During my visit I discussed with the Chinese officials the initiatives the Association can undertake, together with the FEI, in order to address this issue. Once these questions have been solved, equestrian sport can develop to its full potential in China.

The FEI has established a close working relationship with the World Organisation for Animal Health with the ultimate goal of having FEI horses acknowledged as high-health high-performance horses so that restrictions can be eased on the international movement of this special sub-population of horses.

The meetings with the CEA were very positive and took place in a great spirit of cooperation. We are delighted by how well the FEI’s views and suggestions were received by our Chinese hosts and would like to take this opportunity to thank them for their commitment and enthusiasm.The presence of an important Chinese delegation headed by Dr Pan Zhichen at the FEI General Assembly in Istanbul was very encouraging as it demonstrates CEA’s intentions to take an active part in our discussions and to play an important role on the international scene.

It is an exciting time for horse sport in China. Given the organisation and determination of the CEA, I am very optimistic about the sport’s future growth. Once solutions to the issues related to the movement of horses have been implemented, the potential for development is tremendous.

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沒(méi)有任何一種動(dòng)物能像馬這樣，對(duì)中國(guó)悠久而燦爛的歷史文化產(chǎn)生如此重大而深遠(yuǎn)的影響。早在5000 年前，居住在中國(guó)東北部的人們便開(kāi)始馴化馬匹，自此，馬就成為了這個(gè)偉大國(guó)度創(chuàng)立和繁衍生息的源泉之一。

盡管馬在當(dāng)今社會(huì)的實(shí)際作用或許有所減弱，但是據(jù)統(tǒng)計(jì)，目前全世界約有六分之一的馬生活在中國(guó)的土地上，這是一個(gè)相當(dāng)龐大的比例。

國(guó)際馬聯(lián)非常欣喜地看到中國(guó)馬術(shù)運(yùn)動(dòng)的蓬勃發(fā)展。目前，中國(guó)新建設(shè)的馬術(shù)俱樂(lè)部正在以每年15% 的速度增長(zhǎng)。2008 年北京奧運(yùn)會(huì)賽場(chǎng)上也首次出現(xiàn)了中國(guó)騎手的身影，這些無(wú)疑都是馬術(shù)運(yùn)動(dòng)在中國(guó)發(fā)展的強(qiáng)大助推器。

2012 年，中國(guó)共舉辦了4 場(chǎng)國(guó)際馬聯(lián)的賽事，除了3 站場(chǎng)地障礙世界杯中國(guó)聯(lián)賽，還包括一場(chǎng)匯集了世界頂級(jí)障礙騎手的鳥(niǎo)巢大師賽。使我尤為感到高興的是，中國(guó)馬術(shù)協(xié)會(huì)對(duì)馬術(shù)在中國(guó)的發(fā)展充滿了雄心壯志，并計(jì)劃將來(lái)舉辦5 星級(jí)的高水平賽事。

2011 年，國(guó)際馬聯(lián)場(chǎng)地障礙世界杯中國(guó)聯(lián)賽首次在京城落戶(hù)，此舉具有里程碑式的意義。作為國(guó)際馬聯(lián)場(chǎng)地障礙世界杯的第16 站區(qū)域賽，今年中國(guó)聯(lián)賽產(chǎn)生的總冠軍已經(jīng)為即將于2013 年4 月在瑞典哥德堡舉行的勞力士國(guó)際馬聯(lián)場(chǎng)地障礙世界杯總決賽贏得了參賽入場(chǎng)券。

體育運(yùn)動(dòng)市場(chǎng)分析第一品牌公司Sportcal 近期的一項(xiàng)研究結(jié)果表明：到2012 年，中國(guó)已經(jīng)成為全球性的體育大國(guó)，而馬術(shù)運(yùn)動(dòng)也趁此良機(jī)得到了前所未有的發(fā)展。

今年10 月份，我到訪了國(guó)際馬聯(lián)場(chǎng)地障礙世界杯中國(guó)聯(lián)賽的舉辦地成都溫江，那里有賽事舉辦場(chǎng)所能擁有的先進(jìn)設(shè)施，賽事同期還舉辦了一年一度的中國(guó)馬術(shù)運(yùn)動(dòng)發(fā)展論壇，這些都促進(jìn)了更為廣泛的文化交流。我也很榮幸能與從法國(guó)、美國(guó)、英國(guó)等國(guó)家遠(yuǎn)道而來(lái)的200 余位專(zhuān)家共同出席了今年第四屆論壇。

在來(lái)訪期間，我也同中國(guó)馬術(shù)協(xié)會(huì)的潘志琛主席、兩位副主席以及秘書(shū)長(zhǎng)進(jìn)行了會(huì)面。我了解到，除了馬術(shù)項(xiàng)目，潘主席還同時(shí)負(fù)責(zé)管理自行車(chē)、擊劍以及現(xiàn)代五項(xiàng)運(yùn)動(dòng)。國(guó)際馬聯(lián)主席哈雅公主在近期于土耳其伊斯坦布爾舉行的聯(lián)合大會(huì)上宣布了潘志琛主席正式加入國(guó)際馬聯(lián)委員會(huì)，這不僅有利于促進(jìn)中國(guó)馬術(shù)運(yùn)動(dòng)的發(fā)展，還將為亞洲地區(qū)馬術(shù)運(yùn)動(dòng)的發(fā)展貢獻(xiàn)力量。

在成都同期舉辦的論壇更是為中國(guó)馬術(shù)運(yùn)動(dòng)的未來(lái)發(fā)展提出了很多值得探討的話題。1982 年加入國(guó)際馬聯(lián)的中國(guó)馬術(shù)協(xié)會(huì)正在規(guī)劃詳細(xì)的發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略，戰(zhàn)略計(jì)劃包括建立為國(guó)家的政府部門(mén)和組織機(jī)構(gòu)提供基礎(chǔ)培訓(xùn)的國(guó)際馬術(shù)學(xué)院。

但是，目前中國(guó)馬術(shù)協(xié)會(huì)所面臨的最大阻礙是中國(guó)對(duì)進(jìn)出口馬匹的限制。到訪期間，針對(duì)檢驗(yàn)問(wèn)題，我同中國(guó)馬術(shù)協(xié)會(huì)的官員探討了我們雙方有可能付諸的努力與采取的行動(dòng)。一旦這一問(wèn)題得到解決，中國(guó)馬術(shù)運(yùn)動(dòng)將爆發(fā)出更大的潛力。

國(guó)際馬聯(lián)已經(jīng)與世界動(dòng)物健康組織建立了緊密聯(lián)系，我們達(dá)成的最終目標(biāo)是將國(guó)際馬聯(lián)認(rèn)證的馬匹評(píng)定為高度健康水平和高性能的馬匹，以此確保這類(lèi)特殊細(xì)分的馬匹在國(guó)際活動(dòng)中能享受最為便捷的檢驗(yàn)檢疫方式。

本次與中國(guó)馬術(shù)協(xié)會(huì)會(huì)談具有積極的效果，我們雙方都重視合作精神。我們欣喜地發(fā)現(xiàn)，國(guó)際馬聯(lián)的建議和意見(jiàn)得到了中方的重視和采納。在此，我們要感謝他們的專(zhuān)注和熱情。由潘志琛主席領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的代表團(tuán)在土耳其伊斯坦布爾聯(lián)合大會(huì)的出席同樣是振奮人心的，它體現(xiàn)了中國(guó)馬術(shù)協(xié)會(huì)參與世界馬術(shù)運(yùn)動(dòng)的積極態(tài)度。

中國(guó)馬術(shù)運(yùn)動(dòng)發(fā)展已經(jīng)迎來(lái)了激動(dòng)人心的時(shí)代，看到了中國(guó)馬術(shù)協(xié)會(huì)的決心和有序的組織，我對(duì)中國(guó)馬術(shù)運(yùn)動(dòng)的發(fā)展信心十足。只要檢驗(yàn)檢疫的問(wèn)題得到解決，中國(guó)馬術(shù)運(yùn)動(dòng)的發(fā)展一定將會(huì)煥發(fā)出驚人的潛力。